A comparison of particulate hexavalent chromium cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human and leatherback sea turtle lung cells from a one environmental health perspective.

Evaluating health risks of environmental contaminants can be better achieved by considering toxic impacts across species. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a marine pollutant and global environmental contaminant. While Cr(VI) has been identified as a human lung carcinogen, health effects in marine species are poorly understood. Little is known about how Cr(VI) might impact humans and marine species differently. This study used a One Environmental Health Approach to compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate Cr(VI) in human and leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) lung fibroblasts. Leatherbacks may experience prolonged exposures to environmental contaminants and provide insight to how environmental exposures affect health across species. Since humans and leatherbacks may experience prolonged exposure to Cr(VI), and prolonged Cr(VI) exposure leads to carcinogenesis in humans, in this study we considered both acute and prolonged exposures. We found particulate Cr(VI) induced cytotoxicity in leatherback cells comparable to human cell data supporting current research that shows Cr(VI) impacts health across species. To better understand mechanisms of Cr(VI) toxicity we assessed the genotoxic effects of particulate Cr(VI) in human and leatherback cells. Particulate Cr(VI) induced similar genotoxicity in both cell lines, however, human cells arrested at lower concentrations than leatherback cells. We also measured intracellular Cr ion concentrations and found after prolonged exposure human cells accumulated more Cr than leatherback cells. These data indicate Cr(VI) is a health concern for humans and leatherbacks. The data also suggest humans and leatherbacks respond to chemical exposure differently, possibly leading to the discovery of species-specific protective mechanisms.

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble hexavalent chromium in leatherback sea turtle lung cells.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a marine pollution of concern as recent studies show it has a global distribution, with some regions showing high Cr concentrations in marine animal tissue, and it is extensively used. Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are an endangered marine species that may experience prolonged exposures to environmental contaminants including Cr(VI). Human activities have led to global Cr(VI) contamination of the marine environment. While Cr(VI) has been identified as a known human carcinogen, the health effects in marine species are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of particulate and soluble Cr(VI) in leatherback sea turtle lung cells. Both particulate and soluble Cr(VI) induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity. Next, using a chromosome aberration assay, we assessed the genotoxic effects of Cr(VI) in leatherback sea turtle lung cells. Particulate and soluble Cr(VI) induced a concentration-dependent increase in clastogenicity in leatherback sea turtle lung cells. These data indicate that Cr(VI) may be a health concern for leatherback sea turtles and other long-lived marine species. Additionally, these data provide foundational support to use leatherback sea turtles as a valuable model species for monitoring the health effects of Cr(VI) in the environment and possibly as an indicator species to assess environmental human exposures and effects.

Sobreviva de pacientes con diagnóstico de cancer de mama, Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, 1998-2003 / Survive of patient with cancer diagnosis of he/she suckles, Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, 1998-2003

En el presente trabajo se analizaron un total de 180 expedientes de pacientes con dignóstico de cáncer de mama ingresadas a partir de 1998, en la consulta externa del Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque en el cual la sobrevida de dichas pacientes se midio desde el inicio del tratamiento hasta la fecha del fallecimiento o del último control. El estudio es de corte transversal, con un muestreo tipo no probalístico, estableciendo criterios de inclusión. Se tomo una muestra de 55 pacientes. La información recopilada se obtuvo de los expedientes clínicos de consulta externa a través de una ficha de recolección estableciendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión para tal fin y analizando la información en el programa EPI info. El análisis de la tasa global de sobrevida se realizo según las tablas de vida de Kaplan Meier; siendo los estadios clínicos avanzados los mas avanzados, encontrando un número de nueve fallecimientos 16.3 porciento en total y una probabilidad de sufrir un evento a partir de los 20 meses lo cual tradujo que a partir de mayor tiempo libre de enfermedad mas es la probabilidad de riesgo de dichas pacientes